Molecular characterization, serotypes and phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance of the strains isolated from different types of hospital-acquired infections.

Virulent and resistant strains are considered as one of the most significant causes of hospital-acquired infections. The present investigation was done to study the distribution of virulence factors, capsule serotypes and phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance of the strains isolated from hospital-acquired infections. Two hundred and sixty different types of hospital-acquired infections were collected and cultured. Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates and their molecular characterization were studied using disk diffusion and PCR, respectively. One hundred and fifty out of 260 (44.22%) hospital-acquired infections harbored . Urine samples (63.75%) had the highest prevalence of , while wound (33.33%) had the lowest. strains harbored the highest prevalence of resistance against ampicillin (100%), cefuroxime (100%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (95.65%) and ceftazidime (95.52%). (93.04%), (92.17%), (84.34%), and (80.86%) were the most commonly detected virulence genes. (96.52%) and (85.21%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. Prevalence of and virulence genes were 75.65% and 79.13%, respectively. Prevalence of K1 and K2-positive serotypes were 27.82% and 6.96%, respectively. High prevalence of resistance against several types of antibiotics and simultaneous presence of some virulence factors and multi-drug resistance genes pose an important public health issue.