In music, harmonic syntactic structures are organized hierarchically through local and long-distance dependencies. This study investigated whether congenital amusia, a neurodevelopmental disorder of pitch perception, is associated with impaired processing of harmonic syntactic structures. For stimuli, we used harmonic sequences containing two phrases, where the first phrase ended with a half cadence and the second with an authentic cadence. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the ending chord of the authentic cadence to be either syntactically regular or irregular based on local dependencies. Sixteen amusics and 16 controls judged the expectedness of these chords while their EEG waveforms were recorded. In comparison to the regular endings, irregular endings elicited an ERAN, an N5, and a late positive component in controls but not in amusics, indicating that amusics were impaired in processing local syntactic dependencies. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the half cadence of the harmonic sequences to either adhere to or violate long-distance syntactic dependencies. In response to irregular harmonic sequences, an ERAN-like component and an N5 were elicited in controls but not in amusics, suggesting that amusics were impaired in processing long-distance syntactic dependencies. Furthermore, for controls, the neural processing of local and long-distance syntactic dependencies was correlated at the later integration stage but not at the early detection stage. These findings indicate that amusia is associated with impairment in the detection and integration of local and long-distance syntactic violations. The implications of these findings in terms of hierarchical music-syntactic processing are discussed.
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PeerJ Comput Sci
February 2024
School of Information Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.
With the continuous advancement of deep learning technologies, neural machine translation (NMT) has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing communication efficiency among the members of cross-language collaborative teams. Among the various available approaches, leveraging syntactic dependency relations to achieve enhanced translation performance has become a pivotal research direction. However, current studies often lack in-depth considerations of non-Euclidean spaces when exploring interword correlations and fail to effectively address the model complexity arising from dependency relation encoding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSentence production is the uniquely human ability to transform complex thoughts into strings of words. Despite the importance of this process, language production research has primarily focused on single words. It remains an untested assumption that insights from this literature generalize to more naturalistic utterances like sentences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
November 2024
Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
Social media data are characterized by significant noise and non-standardization, thereby posing challenges for existing methods in recognizing named entities owing to the entity sparsity and insufficient semantic richness. Thus, to deal with these issues, this study proposes SEMFF-NER, a named entity recognition (NER) method in social media texts that integrates multi-scale features and syntactic information. First, global features are extracted using a Transformer-based encoder (XLNET) with embedded dependency syntactic relations to enhance semantic representation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Alzheimers Dis
December 2024
Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, including impairments in speech production and fluency. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodrome of AD, has also been linked with changes in speech behavior but to a more subtle degree.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether speech behavior immediately following both filled and unfilled pauses (post-pause speech behavior) differs between individuals with MCI and healthy controls (HCs), and how these differences are influenced by the cognitive demands of various speech tasks.
Heliyon
October 2024
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rkp. 3., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary.
Bimodal composite metal foams made from Al99.5 aluminium and quasi-eutectic Sr-modified AlSi12 matrix were investigated, where the bimodality was introduced by two alumina hollow sphere sets with nominal diameters of Ø7.0 and Ø2.
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