Purpose: To conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies of lympho-hematopoietic cancers (LHC) and breast cancer risk among persons occupationally exposed to ethylene oxide (EO).
Methods: We performed a literature search for articles available in PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify literature and subsequently systematically searched the reference lists of identified studies, published review papers and meta-analyses, as well as relevant government or regulatory documents. We qualitatively reviewed 30 studies and conducted meta-analyses on 13 studies. Pooled risk estimates were calculated using random effects models, stratifying by occupational group, cancer type and decade of publication.
Results: The overall meta-relative risks (meta-RRs) for LHC and breast cancer, respectively, were 1.48 (95% CI 1.07-2.05) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.80-1.18). The meta-RR's for LHC among EO production and EO sterilization workers were 1.46 (95% CI 0.85-2.50) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.87-1.30), respectively. We observed higher risks of LHC in the earlier published studies, compared to the later studies, and the meta-RR's for the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and the 2010s, respectively, were 3.87 (95% CI 1.87-8.01), 1.38 (95% CI 0.85-2.25), 1.05 (95% CI 0.84-1.31), and 1.19 (95% CI 0.80-1.77).
Conclusions: The most informative epidemiology studies, which were published in the 2000s and 2010s, do not support the conclusion that exposure to EO is associated with an increased risk of LHC or breast cancer.
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