Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Mast cells (MCs), a type of immune effector cell, have recently become recognized for their ability to cause vascular leakage during dengue virus (DENV) infection. Although MC stabilizers have been reported to attenuate DENV induced infection in animal studies, there are limited studies on the use of MC stabilizers against DENV induced MC degranulation. 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone (tHGA) has been reported to be a potential MC stabilizer by inhibiting IgE-mediated MC activation in both cellular and animal models. The present study aims to establish an model of DENV3-induced RBL-2H3 cells using ketotifen fumarate as a control drug, as well as to determine the effect of tHGA on the release of MC mediators upon DENV infection. Our results demonstrated that the optimal multiplicities of infection (MOI) were 0.4 × 10 and 0.8 × 10 focus forming units (FFU)/cell. Ketotifen fumarate was proven to attenuate DENV3-induced RBL-2H3 cells degranulation in this model. In contrast, tHGA was unable to attenuate the release of both β-hexosaminidase and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Nonetheless, our study has successfully established an model of DENV3-induced RBL-2H3 cells, which might be useful for the screening of potential MC stabilizers for anti-dengue therapies.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6549089 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20181273 | DOI Listing |
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!