A marine red alga, (Harvey) Yamada (Rhodomelaceae), is a rich source of bromophenols with a wide array of biological activities. This study investigates the anti-tyrosinase activity of the alga. Moderate activity was demonstrated by the methanol extract of , and subsequent column chromatography identified three bromophenols: 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl alcohol (), 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (), and bis-(2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether) (). Bromophenols and exhibited potent competitive tyrosinase inhibitory activity against l-tyrosine substrates, with IC values of 10.78 ± 0.19 and 2.92 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. Against substrate l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), compounds and demonstrated moderate activity, while showed no observable effect. The experimental data were verified by a molecular docking study that found catalytic hydrogen and halogen interactions were responsible for the activity. In addition, compounds and exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory effects in melanin and intracellular tyrosinase levels in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced B16F10 melanoma cells. Compounds and were the most effective tyrosinase inhibitors. In addition, increasing the bromine group number increased the mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17050295 | DOI Listing |
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