Hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation has emerged as a viable alternative to conventional fractionation. In the field-in-field forward planning technique, a merged plan with 2 to 4 segmental fields is the final plan delivered to the machine. As per the ASTRO guidelines for the hypofractionation regimen, the volume of breast tissue receiving V of the prescription dose should be less than 200 cc. However, we have noticed substantial changes to this volume (change in V between -55 cc and + 47.1 cc) after merging the subfields. This study compares the V of 29 breast plans before and after merging the subfields.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meddos.2019.04.002 | DOI Listing |
JACS Au
August 2024
Center for Functional Protein Assemblies & Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
Photocatalysis is a versatile and rapidly developing field with applications spanning artificial photosynthesis, photo-biocatalysis, photoredox catalysis in solution or supramolecular structures, utilization of abundant metals and organocatalysts, sustainable synthesis, and plastic degradation. In this Perspective, we summarize conclusions from an interdisciplinary workshop of young principal investigators held at the Lorentz Center in Leiden in March 2023. We explore how diverse fields within photocatalysis can benefit from one another.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrief Bioinform
July 2024
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University College of Agriculture, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36845, United States.
The genetic blueprint for the essential functions of life is encoded in DNA, which is translated into proteins-the engines driving most of our metabolic processes. Recent advancements in genome sequencing have unveiled a vast diversity of protein families, but compared with the massive search space of all possible amino acid sequences, the set of known functional families is minimal. One could say nature has a limited protein "vocabulary.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2024
Laboratory for Neural Computation and Adaptation, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
The hippocampal subfield CA3 is thought to function as an auto-associative network that stores experiences as memories. Information from these experiences arrives directly from the entorhinal cortex as well as indirectly through the dentate gyrus, which performs sparsification and decorrelation. The computational purpose for these dual input pathways has not been firmly established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOphthalmol Sci
August 2023
Clinical Science, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
Purpose: To develop machine learning (ML) models to predict, at baseline, treatment outcomes at month 9 in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) receiving faricimab.
Design: Retrospective proof of concept study.
Participants: Patients enrolled in the phase II AVENUE trial (NCT02484690) of faricimab in nAMD.
To effectively behave within ever-changing environments, biological agents must learn and act at varying hierarchical levels such that a complex task may be broken down into more tractable subtasks. Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) is a computational framework that provides an understanding of this process by combining sequential actions into one temporally extended unit called an option. However, there are still open questions within the HRL framework, including how options are formed and how HRL mechanisms might be realized within the brain.
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