Cs transfer from canopies onto forest floors at Mount Tsukuba in the four years following the Fukushima nuclear accident.

This study investigated the transport of Cs within a forest ecosystem by examining temporal changes in the inventory and determining the major pathways of transfer following significant atmospheric deposition. A forested area of eastern Japan was monitored for four years immediately after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in March 2011 that released a large amount of radionuclides. The long physical half-life of Cs means that contamination can persist for decades, so it is vital to understand the mechanisms underlying the Cs dynamics in ecosystems. We sampled litterfall, throughfall, and soil, mainly from a cedar stand, over a four-year period, and analyzed the Cs concentrations of each sample to determine the transfer rate and total inventory. After validating our methodology through a comparison with results from an earlier study, we determined the temporal changes in the Cs distribution and in the major transfer pathway. Results showed that most Cs intercepted by canopies was transferred rapidly over the first nine months, and that the major pathway was not litterfall but throughfall. The ecological half-life of the Cs stocked in the canopy was calculated for both the early and later stages of contamination. Although the former is consistent with previous results, the latter ecological half-life is somewhat longer, probably because of dependence on the meteorological and tree physiological conditions at the site. This study presents valuable new data on the post-Fukushima Cs contamination, enhancing our understanding of the associated dynamics in forest ecosystems.