Dendrites of neurons receive and process synaptic or sensory inputs. The Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization (da) neuron is an established model system to explore molecular mechanisms of dendrite morphogenesis. The total number of dendritic branch terminals is one of the frequently employed parameters to characterize dendritic arborization complexity of class IV neurons. This parameter gives a useful phenotypic readout of arborization during neurogenesis, and it is typically determined by laborious manual analyses of numerous images. Ideally, an automated analysis would greatly reduce the workload; however, it is challenging to automatically discriminate dendritic branch terminals from signals of surrounding tissues in whole-mount live larvae. Here, we describe our newly developed software, called DeTerm, which automatically recognizes and quantifies dendrite branch terminals via an artificial neural network. Once we input an image file of a neuronal dendritic arbor and its region of interest information, DeTerm is capable of labeling terminals of larval class IV neurons with high precision, and it also provides positional data of individual terminals. We further show that DeTerm is applicable to other types of neurons, including mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells. DeTerm is freely available on the web and was successfully tested on Mac, Windows and Linux.
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Introduction: China implemented a dynamic zero-COVID strategy to curb viral transmission in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This strategy was designed to inhibit mutation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19. This study explores the dynamics of viral evolution under stringent non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) through real-world observations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
January 2025
US Geological Survey, New England Water Science Center, Northborough, MA, USA.
Groundwater-dependent ecosystems in areas with industrial land use are at risk of exposure to a PFAS chemicals. We investigated one such system with several known PFAS source areas, where high and low permeability sediments (glacial) coupled with groundwater-lake and groundwater/surface-water interactions created complex 'source to seep' dynamics. Using heat-tracing and chemical methods, numerous preferential groundwater discharge zones were identified and sampled across the upper Quashnet River stream-wetland system in Mashpee, MA, USA, downgradient of Joint Base Cape Cod (JBCC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe anthrax pathogen can remain dormant as spores in soil for many years. This applies to both natural foci and to sites of anthropogenic activity such as tanneries, abattoirs, or wool factories. The A.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Economics and Management, Russian University of Cooperation, 420034 Kazan, Russia.
The process of establishing relay protection and automation (RPA) settings for electric power systems (EPSs) entails complex calculations of operating modes. Traditionally, these calculations are based on symmetrical components, which require the building of equivalent circuits of various sequences. This approach can lead to errors both when identifying the operating modes and when modeling the RPA devices.
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January 2025
College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
To improve the high-value application of millet bran, a water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from fermented millet bran (FMBP) by using fermentation. A neutral polysaccharide, FMBP-1, was separated and purified from FMBP using an anion exchange column. Its structure and antioxidant activity in vitro were characterized and determined.
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