AI Article Synopsis
- Fluids cooled to their critical point display distinct visual and density fluctuations, but the reasons for mechanical instability in molecular movement remain unclear.
- By integrating nonlinear dynamics with statistical physics, researchers analyze how this critical state emerges through numerical simulations and models, focusing on the role of spatiotemporal Lyapunov vectors.
- Findings indicate that certain unstable vectors soften near the critical point, leading to critical slowing down of chaos and offering insights into the dynamics of the liquid-vapor critical point.
Article Abstract
Fluids cooled to the liquid-vapor critical point develop system-spanning fluctuations in density that transform their visual appearance. Despite a rich phenomenology, however, there is not currently an explanation of the mechanical instability in the molecular motion at this critical point. Here, we couple techniques from nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics to analyze the emergence of this singular state. Numerical simulations and analytical models show how the ordering mechanisms of critical dynamics are measurable through the hierarchy of spatiotemporal Lyapunov vectors. A subset of unstable vectors soften near the critical point, with a marked suppression in their characteristic exponents that reflects a weakened sensitivity to initial conditions. Finite-time fluctuations in these exponents exhibit sharply peaked dynamical timescales and power law signatures of the critical dynamics. Collectively, these results are symptomatic of a critical slowing down of chaos that sits at the root of our statistical understanding of the liquid-vapor critical point.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6517405 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10040-3 | DOI Listing |
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