Abnormalities in cardiac rhythm are caused by disorders of impulse generation, conduction, or a combination of the 2, and may be life-threatening because of a reduction in cardiac output or myocardial oxygenation. Cardiac arrhythmias are commonly classified as tachycardias (supraventricular or ventricular) or bradycardias. Bradycardias are uncommon in the critically ill patient and often are caused by an underlying reversible disorder (eg, hyperkalemia, drug toxicity). Supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias are more often encountered in the critically ill patient and often have underlying treatable disorders that precipitate their development (eg, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, antiarrhythmic proarrhythmia, myocardial ischemia).
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