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Re-evaluating the environmental impacts of tourism: does EKC exist? | LitMetric

Re-evaluating the environmental impacts of tourism: does EKC exist?

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

Department of World Economy, Baku Engineering University, AZ0101, Baku, Azerbaijan.

Published: July 2019

The study investigates the long-run impact of tourism development on ecological footprint by employing the time-varying coefficient cointegration approach (TVC), in addition to the conventional cointegration techniques in the case of Azerbaijan for the period of 1996-2014. Based on the TVC estimation results, the coefficient of tourism development, which is the income elasticity of environmental degradation, was found to be time invariant. The paper uses energy consumption, trade, urbanization, and institutional quality indicators as control explanatory variables. The estimation results revealed that trade and energy consumption have statistically significant and positive impact on ecological footprint, while the coefficients of the other explanatory variables were found to be insignificant. Both the conventional estimation methods and the TVC concluded that, for the relationship between ecological footprint and tourism development, the EKC hypothesis is not present in Azerbaijan. Policy implications for the resource-rich economies have been discussed.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6733823PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05269-wDOI Listing

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