Research on fatigue often involves foundational research in service of addressing real-world problems. In the research discussed in this paper, we discuss this interplay between basic and applied science to highlight the contributions of basic science to informing policy and decision making to reduce risk and improve safety in this domain. We describe three areas of research-ground combat, flight operations, and fatigue countermeasures-where laboratory studies provide critical evidence regarding the causes and consequences of fatigue in applied settings, and discuss the role of that research in addressing real-world challenges. We close by offering some thoughts on the relationship between basic and applied research in this domain, and the synergistic potential between research on sleep loss and cognitive neuroscience.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.022 | DOI Listing |
Adv Mater
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
Terahertz (THz) signals are crucial for ultrawideband communication and high-resolution radar, demanding miniaturized detectors that can simultaneously measure multiple parameters such as intensity, frequency, polarization, and phase. Traditional detectors fail to meet these needs. To address this, we introduce a plasmon polariton atomic cavity (PPAC) detector based on monolayer graphene, offering a multifunctional, monolithic, and miniaturized solution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLOS Digit Health
January 2025
Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia.
Background: The Internet is a crucial source of health information, providing access to vast volumes of high-quality, up-to-date, and relevant healthcare information. Its impact extends beyond information access, influencing medical practice through the widespread adoption of telemedicine and evidence-based medicine. Despite the significant global increase in internet usage, Africa lags in internet penetration, particularly in utilizing the internet for health information.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Biol
January 2025
Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Goal-directed behavior requires the effective suppression of distractions to focus on the task at hand. Although experimental evidence suggests that brain areas in the prefrontal and parietal lobe contribute to the selection of task-relevant and the suppression of task-irrelevant stimuli, how conspicuous distractors are encoded and effectively ignored remains poorly understood. We recorded neuronal responses from 2 regions in the prefrontal and parietal cortex of macaques, the frontal eye fields (FEFs) and the lateral intraparietal (LIP) area, during a visual search task, in the presence and absence of a salient distractor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Antimicrob Chemother
January 2025
Pharmacy Department, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Background: AUC-based dosing with validated Bayesian software is recommended as a good approach to guide bedside vancomycin dosing.
Objectives: To compare treatment and vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) costs between Bayesian AUC-based dosing and conventional therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) using steady-state plasma concentrations of vancomycin administered as continuous infusion in hospitalized non-critically ill patients with severe Gram-positive infection.
Methods: A cost-benefit analysis presented as a return on investment (ROI) analysis from a hospital perspective was conducted using a decision tree model (TDM versus AUC-based dosing) to simulate treatment cost (personnel, serum sampling and drug cost), vancomycin-associated AKI risk and cost up to 14 days.
AIDS Behav
January 2025
Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baiyun District, No. 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, 510440, China.
This study examines the impact of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) on sexual behavior changes in men who have sex with men (MSM), aiming to assess a comprehensive HIV prevention strategy integrating biomedical and behavioral interventions to maximize PEP service effectiveness. From a Guangzhou MSM cohort, participants without prior PEP experience were included. The exposed group received PEP services during follow-up (June 2019-April 2022), while controls did not.
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