An Instrument for the Determination of a Hydropneumograph in a Bubbling Spring.

In order to enable greater accuracy in the determination of the mass discharge of gas and water-gas ratios (WGR) in groundwater from springs, we have developed a field-deployable instrument using commercially available components to independently measure the gas and water mass flow rates in springs with bubbling mixed-phase flow. Collecting and measuring the free gas phase will allow for further compositional analysis that may be useful in improving gas-derived parameters such as recharge temperature and age, as well as quantification of methanogenesis and flux of crustal/mantle gasses. By installing a phase separator at the spring discharge, a thermal mass flow sensor is utilized to measure the gas flow rate (ebullition + flux) generated from a spring. The water flow rate is determined by a standard weir. Field performance of the device was tested on a spring discharging from the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer near the town of Connerville in south-central Oklahoma, USA.