Numerical algorithms based on rational functions are introduced that solve the Laplace and Helmholtz equations on 2D domains with corners quickly and accurately, despite the corner singularities.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904139116 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2024
Institute for Materials and X-ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany.
Capillarity-driven transport in nanoporous solids is widespread in nature and crucial for modern liquid-infused engineering materials. During imbibition, curved menisci driven by high negative Laplace pressures exert an enormous contractile load on the porous matrix. Due to the challenge of simultaneously monitoring imbibition and deformation with high spatial resolution, the resulting coupling of solid elasticity to liquid capillarity has remained largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
March 2024
Geoscience Group, National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) represents the world's largest ocean-current system and affects global ocean circulation, climate and Antarctic ice-sheet stability. Today, ACC dynamics are controlled by atmospheric forcing, oceanic density gradients and eddy activity. Whereas palaeoceanographic reconstructions exhibit regional heterogeneity in ACC position and strength over Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles, the long-term evolution of the ACC is poorly known.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
January 2024
Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran.
The self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) at interfaces is currently a topic of increasing interest due to numerous applications in food technology, pharmaceuticals, cosmetology, and oil recovery. It is possible to create tunable interfacial structures with desired characteristics using tailored nanoparticles that can be precisely controlled with respect to shape, size, and surface chemistry. To address these functionalities, it is essential to develop techniques to study the properties of the underlying structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2023
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
Accurate understanding of permafrost dynamics is critical for evaluating and mitigating impacts that may arise as permafrost degrades in the future; however, existing projections have large uncertainties. Studies of how permafrost responded historically during Earth's past warm periods are helpful in exploring potential future permafrost behavior and to evaluate the uncertainty of future permafrost change projections. Here, we combine a surface frost index model with outputs from the second phase of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project to simulate the near-surface (~3 to 4 m depth) permafrost state in the Northern Hemisphere during the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP, ~3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhilos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
June 2023
Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
The Southern Ocean is a major sink of atmospheric CO, but the nature and magnitude of its variability remains uncertain and debated. Estimates based on observations suggest substantial variability that is not reproduced by process-based ocean models, with increasingly divergent estimates over the past decade. We examine potential constraints on the nature and magnitude of climate-driven variability of the Southern Ocean CO sink from observation-based air-sea O fluxes.
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