Family and social predictors of substance use disorder in Iran: a case-control study.

Background: The problem of substance use disorder in Iran is of great national concern. The aim of this study was to measure the association between substance use disorder and demographic, social and behavioral factors in Yasuj city, located at southwest of Iran.

Methods: As the second phase of a previously published study, this case-control study was conducted in 2015-2016 on 362 addicted participants and 207 controls (with no history of substance use disorder). The control group was selected from male hospital visitors in Yasuj city during the same period of selection of the case group. The required information was collected via a self-administered questionnaire.

Results: Based on the results of multivariate analysis, significant associations were found between the number of sisters (OR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.68 to 0.99, P = 0.04), history of smoking (OR = 19.89, 95%CI = 10.02 to 39.49, P < 0.001), leisure time activity (OR = 8.98, 95%CI = 3.99 to 20.19, P < 0.001) and substance use disorder.

Conclusion: This study introduced smoking, number of sisters, education and way of spending leisure time as predictors of substance use disorder. Among these factors, smoking was the most powerful risk factor and spending leisure time with family and having sister were the most powerful preventive factors for substance use disorder.