Intracellular Ca signaling controls numerous cellular functions. Mitochondria respond to cytosolic Ca changes by adapting mitochondrial functions and, in some cell types, shaping the spatiotemporal properties of the cytosolic Ca signal. Numerous methods have been developed to specifically and quantitatively measure the mitochondrial-free Ca concentrations ([Ca ] ), but there are still significant discrepancies in the calculated absolute values of [Ca ] in stimulated live cells. These discrepancies may be due to the distinct properties of the methods used to measure [Ca ] , the calcium-free/bound ratio, and the cell-type and stimulus-dependent Ca dynamics. Critical processes happening in the mitochondria, such as ATP generation, ROS homeostasis, and mitochondrial permeability transition opening, depend directly on the [Ca ] values. Thus, precise determination of absolute [Ca ] values is imperative for understanding Ca signaling. This review summarizes the reported calibrated [Ca ] values in many cell types and discusses the discrepancies among these values. Areas for future research are also proposed.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.13427 | DOI Listing |
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