Front propagation transition induced by diffraction in a liquid crystal light valve.

Driven optical systems can exhibit coexistence of equilibrium states. Traveling waves or fronts between different states present complex spatiotemporal dynamics. We investigate the mechanisms that govern the front spread. Based on a liquid crystal light valve experiment with optical feedback, we show that the front propagation does not pursue a minimization of free energy. Depending on the free propagation length in the optical feedback loop, the front speed exhibits a supercritical transition. Theoretically, from first principles, we use a model that takes it into account, characterizing the speed transition from a plateau to a growing regime. The theoretical and experimental results show quite fair agreement.