AI Article Synopsis
- Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are often not diagnosed properly, leading to ongoing issues, and current methods rely heavily on physical exams and imaging.
- A study involved comparing blood samples for specific biomarkers (GFAP, UCH-L1, and S100B) from trauma patients and controls, focusing on their levels shortly after injury and later.
- GFAP was found to be the most effective biomarker for predicting CT-positive TBIs, showing better sensitivity and specificity compared to UCH-L1 and S100B, especially 12-32 hours after injury.
Article Abstract
Objective: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are largely underdiagnosed and may have persistent refractory consequences. Current assessments for acute TBI are limited to physical examination and imaging. Biomarkers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) have shown predictive value as indicators of TBI and potential screening tools.
Methods: In total, 37 controls and 118 unique trauma subjects who received a clinically ordered head computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department of a level 1 trauma center were evaluated. Blood samples collected at 0-8 hours (initial) and 12-32 hours (delayed) postinjury were analyzed for GFAP, UCH-L1, and S100B concentrations. These were then compared in CT-negative and CT-positive subjects.
Results: Median GFAP, UCH-L1, and S100B concentrations were greater in CT-positive subjects at both timepoints compared with CT-negative subjects. In addition, median UCH-L1 and S100B concentrations were lower at the delayed timepoint, whereas median GFAP concentrations were increased. As predictors of a positive CT of the head, GFAP outperformed UCH-L1 and S100B at both timepoints (initial: 0.89 sensitivity, 0.62 specificity; delayed: 0.94 sensitivity, 0.67 specificity). GFAP alone also outperformed all possible combinations of biomarkers.
Conclusions: GFAP, UCH-L1, and S100B demonstrated utility for rapid prediction of a CT-positive TBI within 0-8 hours of injury. GFAP exhibited the greatest predictive power at 12-32 hours. Furthermore, these results suggest that GFAP alone has greater utility for predicting a positive CT of the head than UCH-L1, S100B, or any combination of the 3.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.04.170 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Plasmodium knowlesi Infection Is Associated With Elevated Circulating Biomarkers of Brain Injury and Endothelial Activation.
J Infect Dis
December 2024
Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
Background: Malaria remains a major public health concern with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Malaysia, the emergence of Plasmodium knowlesi has led to a surge in zoonotic malaria cases and deaths in recent years. Signs of cerebral involvement have been observed in a noncomatose, fatal case of knowlesi infection, but the potential impact of this malaria species on the brain remains unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation of Blood-Based Biomarkers and 6-Month Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients With Mild TBI: A CENTER-TBI Analysis.
Neurology
January 2025
From the Perioperative, Acute, Critical Care and Emergency Medicine (PACE) (D.P.W., D.M., V.F.J.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital; Division of Psychology (L.W.), University of Stirling, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (E.C.), Medical School, and Neurotrauma Research Group (E.C.), Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Hungary; Department of Neurosurgery (A.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology (K.K.W.W.), Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB) Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM), Atlanta, GA; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarker Research (K.K.W.W.), Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Florida, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville; Institute of Psychology (N.v.S., M.Z.), University of Innsbruck; Faculty of Psychotherapy Science (M.Z.), Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences (E.S.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (A.I.R.M.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; and Department of Translational Neuroscience (A.I.R.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
Background And Objectives: There is seemingly contradictory evidence concerning relationships between day-of-injury biomarkers and outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). To address this issue, we examined the association between a panel of biomarkers and multidimensional TBI outcomes.
Methods: Participants with mTBI (Glasgow coma scores [GCSs] 13-15) were selected from Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury, a European observational study recruiting patients with TBI with indication for brain CT and presentation within 24 hours.
An automated blood test for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) to predict the absence of intracranial lesions on head CT in adult patients with mild traumatic brain injury: BRAINI, a multicentre observational study in Europe.
EBioMedicine
December 2024
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Grenoble Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble Alpes, France; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM, U1216, Grenoble, France.
Background: Following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), elevated concentrations of brain-specific blood proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) may be indicative of intracranial lesions normally detected by head CT scans. We sought to validate the performance of this combination of biomarkers at predetermined cutoff values with an automated immunoassay to predict which patients did not have intracranial lesions.
Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted in France and Spain at 16 emergency departments.
High-dimensional proteomic analysis for pathophysiological classification of traumatic brain injury.
Brain
September 2024
Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Building, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
Article Synopsis
- - The study explores the complex pathophysiology and outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), highlighting that current classifications do not adequately reflect the underlying biological processes involved.
- - Using advanced proteomic techniques, researchers analyzed plasma samples from 88 participants to identify 16 proteins with significant expression differences in TBI patients compared to non-injured controls, focusing on various markers related to neurons, astrocytes, and inflammation.
- - Their findings indicated correlations between specific plasma proteins and brain injury measures, suggesting that certain biomarkers like UCH-L1 and total tau could serve as potential indicators for TBI severity and progression.
Association of early dexmedetomidine exposure with brain injury biomarker levels following moderate - Severe traumatic brain injury: A TRACK-TBI study.
J Clin Neurosci
August 2024
Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the effects of early dexmedetomidine, a sedative, on blood biomarkers in adults with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) after being admitted to the ICU.
- Researchers analyzed data from the TRACK-TBI study, focusing on adults with specific Glasgow Coma Scale scores who required mechanical ventilation and sedation within the first 48 hours post-injury.
- Findings showed that, out of 352 TBI patients, only 14.2% received early dexmedetomidine, but there were no significant associations found between dexmedetomidine use and the levels of brain injury biomarkers measured on days 3, 5, and 14.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!