Measurements of cesium mixing and quenching cross sections in methane gas: understanding sources of heating in cesium vapor lasers.

Accurate modeling of the operation of diode-pumped alkali lasers is a critical step toward the design of high-powered devices. We present precision measurements for the Cs-CH 6P → 6P mixing cross section and the 6P → 6S quenching cross section, which are important parameters in understanding the operation and, in particular, the heat generated in a cesium vapor laser. Measurements are carried out using ultrafast laser pulse excitation and observation of fluorescence due to collisional excitation transfer in time is done using the technique of time-correlated single-photon counting. Mixing rate measurements are acquired over methane pressures of 10 - 40 Torr, resulting in a Cs-CH 6P → 6P mixing cross section of (1.40 ± 0.08) × 10 cm, while quenching rate measurements are carried out over methane pressures of 500 - 4000 Torr, resulting in a 6P → 6S quenching cross section of (1.57 ± 0.03) × 10 cm. These results suggest only a slight contribution to the heating of a cesium vapor laser is due to Cs 6P quenching, contrary to previous studies. We also discuss additional possible sources of energy transfer from upper excited states of Cs.