Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX) is hypothesized to mediate blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability by binding to the myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL) on the luminal surface of endothelial cells (ECs). However, the kinetics of this interaction and a general understanding of ETX's behavior in a live organism have yet to be appreciated. Here we investigate ETX binding and BBB breakdown in living Danio rerio (zebrafish). Wild-type zebrafish ECs do not bind ETX. When zebrafish ECs are engineered to express human MAL (hMAL), proETX binding occurs in a time-dependent manner. Injection of activated toxin in hMAL zebrafish initiates BBB leakage, hMAL downregulation, blood vessel stenosis, perivascular edema, and blood stasis. We propose a kinetic model of MAL-dependent ETX binding and neurovascular pathology. By generating a humanized zebrafish BBB model, this study contributes to our understanding of ETX-induced BBB permeability and strengthens the proposal that MAL is the ETX receptor.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6487375 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.016 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Point-of-care ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatic gas gangrene.
J Ultrasound
January 2025
Argentinian Critical Care Ultrasonography Association (ASARUC), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Hepatic gas gangrene (HGG) is a rare but life-threatening condition typically caused by anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, though Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species have also been implicated. Traditionally diagnosed via computed tomography (CT), point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has emerged as a valuable tool in critical care settings for its non-invasive, bedside utility. We report the case of a 51-year-old female with choledochal syndrome secondary to cholangiocarcinoma who developed HGG following left extended hepatectomy and biliary reconstruction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIs Intestinal Microbiota Fully Restored After Chickens Have Recovered from Coccidiosis?
Pathogens
January 2025
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
The intestinal microbiota is known to be altered by -induced coccidiosis, but it remains unclear whether the microbiota is fully restored after recovery. To address this, 110 newly hatched Cobb male broiler chickens were challenged with 2 × 10 sporulated oocysts of (EM) strain M6 or mock-infected with saline on day 10. Body weight and feed intake were recorded.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunogenicity of Type IV Pilin Proteins from in Chickens.
Microorganisms
January 2025
Chaire en recherche avicole et Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA), Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
, the causative agent of necrotic enteritis in chickens, is controlled by in-feed antibiotics. With increasing pressure to reduce antimicrobial use, the development of alternative preventive tools is needed. Type IV pili proteins have been shown to be immunogenic in many Gram-positive bacteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInhibitory Effects of Natural Products on Germination, Outgrowth, and Vegetative Growth of Spores in Laboratory Medium and Chicken Meat.
Microorganisms
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
type F is a spore-forming bacterium that causes human illnesses, including food poisoning (FP) and non-foodborne gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of 15 natural products against spore growth. Among them, garlic, onion juice, and undiluted essential oil constituents (EOCs) of clove, rosemary, and peppermint showed the strongest activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBacteriocin-Producing Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci Strains for Agro-Food and Public Health Applications with Relevance of Micrococcin P1.
Antibiotics (Basel)
January 2025
Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
Antimicrobial-producing strains and their bacteriocins hold great promise for the control of bacterial diseases, being an attractive alternative to antibiotics. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of 15 bacteriocin-producing staphylococci and mammaliicocci (BP-S/M) strains and their pre-purified extracts with butanol (BT) against a collection of 27 harmful or zoonotic strains (including Gram-positive/-negative bacteria and molds) with relevance in the public health and agro-food fields. These indicators (excluding Gram-negative strains) were grouped into seven categories based on their potential application areas: dairy livestock mastitis, avian pathogen zoonoses, swine zoonoses, food safety, aquaculture, wine making, and mushroom cultivation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!