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Current and emerging treatment options for BRAFV600-mutant melanoma.
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther
January 2025
Royal Marsden Hospital, London.
Introduction: BRAF mutations are the most common driver mutation in cutaneous melanoma, present in 40% of cases. Rationally-designed BRAF targeted therapy (TT) has been developed in response to this, and alongside immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), forms the backbone of systemic therapy options for BRAF-mutant melanoma. Various therapeutic approaches have been studied in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and advanced settings, and there is a wealth of information to guide clinicians managing these patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCo-evolution of atypical BRAF and KRAS mutations in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Mol Cancer Res
January 2024
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) comprise three functional classes: Class 1 (V600E) with strong constitutive activation, Class 2 with pathogenic kinase activity lower than Class 1, and Class 3 which paradoxically lacks kinase activity. Non-Class 1 mutations associate with better prognosis, microsatellite stability, distal tumour location and better anti-EGFR response. Analysis of 13 CRC cohorts (n=6,605 tumours) compared Class 1 (n=709, 10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Narrative Review of the Role of Immunotherapy in Metastatic Carcinoma of the Colon Harboring a BRAF Mutation.
In Vivo
December 2024
Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Patients affected by metastatic carcinoma of the colon/rectum (mCRC) harboring mutations in the BRAF gene (MBRAF) respond poorly to conventional therapy and have a prognosis worse than that of patients without mutations. Despite the promising outcomes of targeted therapy utilizing multi-targeted inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling system, the therapeutic efficacy, especially for the microsatellite stable/DNA proficient mismatch repair (MSS/PMMR) subtype, remains inadequate. Patients with MBRAF/mCRC and high microsatellite instability or DNA deficient mismatch repair (MSI-H/DMMR) exhibit a substantial tumor mutation burden, suggesting a high probability of response to immunotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBraf-Mutant Melanomas: Biology and Therapy.
Curr Oncol
December 2024
Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
The incidence of melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, has increased mainly due to ultraviolet exposure. The molecular characterization of melanomas has shown a high mutational burden led to the identification of some recurrent genetic alterations. gene is mutated in 40-50% of melanomas and its role in melanoma development is paramount.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of Annexin 7 (ANXA7) as a Tumor Suppressor and a Regulator of Drug Resistance in Thyroid Cancer.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy in the United States, with an overall favorable prognosis. However, some patients experience poor outcomes due to the development of resistance to conventional therapies. Genetic alterations, including mutations in BRAF, Met, and p53, play critical roles in thyroid cancer progression, with the BRAF V600E mutation detected in over 60% of cases.
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