Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has been used to identify neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through qualitative gross visual comparison of signal intensity. The aim of this study was to quantitatively identify cerebral degeneration in ALS on SWI using texture analysis. SW images were acquired from 17 ALS patients (58.4 ± 10.3 years, 13M/4F, ALSFRS-R 41.2 ± 4.1) and 18 healthy controls (56.3 ± 17.6 years, 9M/9F) at 4.7 tesla. Textures were computed within the precentral gyrus and basal ganglia and compared between patients and controls using ANCOVA with age and gender as covariates. Texture features were correlated with clinical measures in patients. Texture features found to be significantly different between patients and controls in the precentral gyrus were then used in a whole-brain 3D texture analysis. The texture feature autocorrelation was significantly higher in ALS patients compared to healthy controls in the precentral gyrus and basal ganglia ( < 0.05). Autocorrelation correlated significantly with clinical measures such as disease progression rate and finger tapping speed ( < 0.05). Whole brain 3D texture analysis using autocorrelation revealed differences between ALS patients and controls within the precentral gyrus on SWI images ( < 0.001). Texture analysis on SWI can quantitatively identify cerebral differences between ALS patients and controls.
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