Identification and expression analysis of the GDSL esterase/lipase family genes, and the characterization of in Hance under cadmium stress.

Background: The herb alfredii () Hance is a hyperaccumulator of heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb)); therefore, it could be a candidate plant for efficient phytoremediation. The GDSL esterase/lipase protein (GELP) family plays important roles in plant defense and growth. Although the GELP family members in a variety of plants have been cloned and analyzed, there are limited studies on the family's responses to heavy metal-stress conditions.

Methods: Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses were performed according to the criteria described. A WGCNA was used to construct co-expression regulatory networks. The roots of seedlings were treated with 100 µM CdCl for qRT-PCR to analyze expression levels in different tissues. was transformed into the Cd sensitive mutant strain yeast Δ1 to investigate its role in resistance and accumulation to Cd.

Results: We analyzed GELP family members from genomic data of . A phylogenetic tree divided the 80 identified family members into three clades. The promoters of the 80 genes contained certain elements related to abiotic stress, such as TC-rich repeats (defense and stress responsiveness), heat shock elements (heat stress) and MYB-binding sites (drought-inducibility). In addition, 66 members had tissue-specific expression patterns and significant responses to Cd stress. In total, 13 hub genes were obtained, based on an existing transcriptome database, that control 459 edge genes, which were classified into five classes of functions in a co-expression subnetwork: cell wall and defense function, lipid and esterase, stress and tolerance, transport and transcription factor activity. Among the hub genes, (), with a high expression level in all tissues, could increase Cd tolerance and accumulation in yeast when overexpressed.

Conclusion: Based on genomic data of , we conducted phylogenetic analyses, as well as conserved domain, motif and expression profiling of the GELP family under Cd-stress conditions. could increase Cd tolerance and accumulation in yeast. These results indicated the roles of GELPs in plant responses to heavy metal exposure and provides a theoretical basis for further studies of the SaGELP family's functions.