Clinical Impact of Lower-Limb Imaging in Ga-PSMA PET/CT for Patients with Prostate Cancer.

Our purpose was to determine whether there is a clinical benefit to add lower-limb imaging in Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT scans for patients with prostate cancer. In total, 701 patients with prostate cancer who underwent Ga-PSMA PET/CT were evaluated retrospectively. All patients underwent additional lower-limb imaging. Images were reanalyzed by experienced nuclear medicine physicians, and metastatic sites were documented. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and Gleason score were also compared with Ga-PSMA PET/CT findings. In 601 patients (85.7%), at least 1 tumoral lesion was observed on Ga-PSMA PET/CT. The number of patients with bone metastasis in 2 forms was 278 patients (39.6%); 108 (15.4%) were oligometastatic (<4 metastases) and 170 (24.2%) were multimetastatic (≥4 metastases). In lower-limb imaging, bone metastasis was detected in 61 patients (8.7%), the specific locations of which were as follows: middle-distal femur ( = 54), tibia ( = 19), fibula ( = 24), and calcaneus ( = 1). Lower-limb metastasis was detected mostly in symptom-positive patients (70.1%) but in only 4% of the symptom-negative group. All patients with lower-extremity metastasis also had multiple bone metastases shown on limited whole-body Ga-PSMA PET/CT. The median PSA level was significantly higher in multimetastatic patients with lower-limb metastasis than in those without lower-limb metastasis ( < 0.001, Mann-Whitney test), but no statistical differences was found in terms of Gleason score (χ = 0.042, = 0.837). According to receiver-operating-characteristic analysis, PSA has a good predictive value for detecting lower-limb metastasis, with 76.6% sensitivity and 72% specificity (using a reference cutoff PSA level of 24 ng/mL [area under the curve, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-0.87]). Lower-limb imaging did not change the metastatic status of disease or significantly affect the therapeutic approach. However, if multimetastatic patients present relevant symptoms for lower-limb metastasis, it could be beneficial to consider including lower-limb imaging for possible palliative therapies.