Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Background: Great saphenous vein (GSV) graft failure is one of the major reasons for repeat bypass grafting. A comparison of the effects of simultaneous, short-duration, externally squeezing and internally distending forces on the same segment of ex-vivo human GSV has not yet been published, although similar studies have compared the experimental injury of different ex-vivo human veins.
Methods: Approximately 8-cm-long segments of GSV were harvested from each of the 15 patients. For each specimen, one end of the vein piece was occluded at a distance of 1 cm with an external cross-clamp for 5 min and the other end was similarly occluded at a distance of 1 cm by an endoluminal balloon. The middle sections of the veins, which were not occluded by any means, were taken as the control group. Two histologists, who were blinded to the groups, graded the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Weigert-Van Gieson (WVG) stained sections semi-quantitatively and performed the histomorphometric measurements.
Results: The result of the histopathological evaluation of the intima layer showed that the microscopic scoring of lesions in the balloon group was significantly higher than that in the clamp and control groups (5.16 ± 1.32, 3.83 ± 0.75, and 1.00 ± 1.09, respectively; P < .001). In the adventitia layer, this level of scoring increased more in the clamp group than in the balloon and control groups (5.16 ± 1.16, 3.00 ± 0.89, and 0.16 ± 0.40, respectively, P < .001).
Conclusion: Both the endoluminal balloon and external clamp techniques have harmful effects on the vein wall. Studying different kind of forces on different veins cannot provide us with reliable comparisons.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.2303 | DOI Listing |
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!