A metal-free, regioselective C-H functionalization of heteroaromatic N-oxides has been developed. The method enables the synthesis of various benzylated and alkynylated N-heterocycles in a transition-metal-free manner employing organosilanes as coupling partners. The unanticipated reactivity has been exploited for the synthesis of a number of symmetrical disubstituted acetylenes from ethynyltrimethylsilane via carbon-silicon bond metathesis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01141 | DOI Listing |
Adv Sci (Weinh)
October 2024
State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
Heteroaromatic N-oxides, renowned for their highly polar N─O bond and robust structure, exhibit significant bioactivities and have played a pivotal role in various drug development projects since the discovery of Minoxidil. Moreover, heteroaromatic N-oxides, featuring axially chiral biaryl frameworks, are indispensable as Lewis base catalysts and ligands in organic synthesis. Despite their importance, synthesizing these chiral compounds is challenging, necessitating chiral starting materials or resolution processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
July 2024
Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQO) and 4-nitropyridine-N-oxide (NPO) are important precursors for the synthesis of substituted heterocycles while NQO is a popular model mutagen and carcinogen broadly used in cancer research; intermolecular interactions are critical for their reactions or functioning in vivo. Herein, the effects of the coordination of N-oxide's oxygen atom to Lewis acids on multicenter donor-acceptor bonding were explored via a combination of experimental and computational studies of the complexes of NQO and NPO with a typical π-electron donor, pyrene. Coordination with ZnCl increased the positive electrostatic potentials on the surfaces of these π-acceptors and lowered the energy of their LUMO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
June 2023
Department of Chemistry and Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
The selective electrochemical synthesis of 1H-indazoles and their N-oxides and the subsequent C-H functionalization of the 1H-indazole N-oxides are described. The electrochemical outcomes were determined by the nature of the cathode material. When a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode was used, a wide range of 1H-indazole N-oxides were selectively synthesized, and the electrosynthesis products were deoxygenated to N-heteroaromatics, owing to cathodic cleavage of the N-O bond via paired electrolysis, when a Zn cathode was used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
April 2023
Department of Xenobiotics Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
3-Amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,4-dioxide (tirapazamine, TPZ) and other heteroaromatic -oxides (ArN→O) exhibit tumoricidal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal activities. Their action is attributed to the enzymatic single-electron reduction to free radicals that initiate the prooxidant processes. In order to clarify the mechanisms of aerobic mammalian cytotoxicity of ArN→O, we derived a TPZ-resistant subline of murine hepatoma MH22a cells (resistance index, 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
November 2022
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 163 Frelinghuysen Way, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.
Heterocyclic sulfones, sulfonamides, and sulfonyl fluorides constitute an important structural motif in medicinal chemistry. Methods to make six-membered heteroaromatic sulfonyl compounds, however, remain challenging, and most efforts rely on commercial sulfonyl chlorides. We report herein the reaction of sodium -butyldimethyl silyloxymethylsulfinate with quinoline -oxides to selectively furnish C2-substituted sulfones.
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