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Magnetic resonance image-guided focused ultrasound has emerged as a viable non-invasive technique for the treatment of central nervous system-related diseases/disorders. Application of mechanical and thermal effects associated with focused transcranial ultrasound has been studied extensively in pre-clinical models, which has paved the way for clinical trials. However, in vivo treatment evaluation techniques on drug delivery application via blood-brain barrier opening has not been fully explored. Current treatment evaluation techniques via magnetic resonance imaging are hindered by systemic toxicity resulting from free gadolinium delivery. Here we propose a novel treatment evaluation strategy to overcome limitations by (i) synthesizing liposomes that are dually labeled with gadolinium, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, and rhodamine, a fluorophore; (ii) applying a focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated BBB opening technique to deliver the liposomes across vascular barriers, achieving local gadolinium enhancement while reducing systemic and unwanted regional toxic effects associated with free gadolinium; and (iii) utilizing the MRI modality to confirm the delivery as it is already included in the FUS treatment in clinic. Liposomes were secondarily labeled with a fluorescent marker to confirm results obtained by MRI quantification postmortem. Two different sizes, 77.5 nm (group A) and 140 nm (group B), of gadolinium- and fluorescence-labeled liposomes were fabricated using thin-film hydration followed by extrusion methods and determined their stability up to 6 h under physiologic conditions. Gadolinium signal was detected on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI 5 h after the delivery of liposomes via the BBB opening approach with an ultrasound pulse of 0.42 MPa (estimate in water) combined with microbubbles. MRI contrast was enhanced significantly in sonicated regions compared with non-sonicated regions of the brain. This was due to the accumulation of labeled liposomes, which was confirmed by detection of rhodamine fluorescence in histologic sections. The relative increase in MRI signal intensity was greater for smaller liposomes (mean diameter = 77.5 nm) than larger liposomes (mean diameter = 140 nm), which suggested a greater accumulation of the smaller liposomes in the brain after ultrasound-mediated opening of the BBB. Our findings suggest that the dual-labeled nanocarrier platform can be established, the FUS-mediated BBB opening approach can be used to deliver it through vascular barriers and MRI can be used to evaluate the extent of nanocarrier delivery.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.02.024 | DOI Listing |
Orphanet J Rare Dis
December 2024
Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321#, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
Background And Objectives: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder that mostly affects the central nervous system and skeletal muscle. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the clinical symptoms, multisystemic pathogenesis, and genetic characteristics of MELAS syndrome. The aim was to improve comprehension of clinical practice and gain a deeper understanding of the latest pathophysiological theories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Orthop Surg Res
December 2024
Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, China.
Background: The muscles that encase the hip serve a crucial role in both joint stability and functional efficacy, and as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) progresses, the surrounding musculature may undergo specific adaptations that reduce joint stability, thereby exacerbating dislocation. Yet, the exact nature of changes in muscle morphology and quality remains inadequately investigated. This study aimed to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations of the iliopsoas and other hip flexor and extensor muscles in children with unilateral DDH before and after treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluids Barriers CNS
December 2024
C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion and pulsatility has been proposed to play a crucial role in clearing brain waste. Although its driving forces remain debated, increasing evidence suggests that large amplitude vasomotion drives such CSF fluctuations. Recently, a fast blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI sequence was used to measure the coupling between CSF fluctuations and low-frequency hemodynamic oscillations in the human cortex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Surg Oncol
December 2024
Soft Tissue Sarcoma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
Spermatic cord sarcomas (SCS) are a group of mesenchymal tumors whose rarity and anatomical location often lead to clinical misdiagnosis such as inguinal hernia, testicular tumor, or other conditions. Any inguinoscrotal mass with suspicious characteristics should prompt clinicians to perform imaging assessments (such as ultrasound or, in uncertain cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) and refer the patient promptly to a specialized center. Histological characterization of all suspicious masses via percutaneous biopsy is recommended, with staging completed through computed tomography (CT) scan for confirmed cases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
December 2024
Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy.
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) demonstrates high potential when applied to radiomic analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to discriminate sinonasal tumors. This can enhance diagnostic suspicion beyond visual assessment alone and prior to biopsy, leading to expedite the diagnostic timeline and the treatment planning. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the current advancements and accuracy of this technology in this domain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!