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Screening for occult penetrating cardiac injuries.

Ann Surg

March 2015

*Trauma Centre, Department of Surgery; and †Department of Radiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Objective: To determine the sensitivity of emergency department ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of occult cardiac injuries.

Background: Internationally, US has become the investigation of choice in screening patients for a possible cardiac injury after penetrating chest trauma by detecting blood in the pericardial sac.

Methods: Patients presenting with a penetrating chest wound and a possible cardiac injury to the Groote Schuur Hospital Trauma Centre between October 2001 and February 2009 were prospectively evaluated.

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A 50-year-old woman with breast carcinoma metastases in the left supraclavicular region was treated because of free air in the mediastinum, around the heart and vascular pedicle, below the diaphragmatic dome, and subcutaneous neck and supraclavicular emphysema, without radiologic signs of pneumothorax. Diverticulosis of the colon and an occult perforation of the diverticulum in the retroperitoneal region of the colon were diagnosed. The patient was treated by segmental resection of the colon with anastomosis, drainage of the abdominal cavity, and antibiotics.

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