Background: Several guidelines for the prevention of throwing injuries recommend a sufficiently long off-season; however, few studies providing scientific evidence to support these recommendations exist. Our study aimed to clarify the association between off-season duration and throwing elbow injuries among elementary school-aged baseball players.
Methods: This study enrolled 680 elementary school-aged baseball players who underwent medical checkups. The experience with elbow pain and the off-season duration were investigated via the administration of a self-completed questionnaire. Ultrasonographic assessment of the elbow joint was performed on the day of the medical checkup to assess for morphologic abnormalities.
Results: The prevalence of elbow pain and morphologic abnormalities of the medial epicondyle (medial epicondyle lesions) was significantly decreased when the subjects' off-season duration was longer. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of elbow pain was significantly lower in the group whose off-season lasted 1 to 2 months (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.62; P = .0006) and in the group whose off-season lasted longer than 2 months (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.95; P = .0316). The risk of medial epicondyle lesions was also significantly lower in the group whose off-season lasted 1 to 2 months (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22-0.67; P = .0005) and in the group whose off-season lasted longer than 2 months (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.23-0.56; P < .0001). On the contrary, no significant correlation was found between capitellar osteochondritis dissecans and off-season duration.
Conclusion: Off-season duration has a significant correlation with elbow pain and morphologic abnormalities of the medial elbow joint in elementary school-aged baseball players.
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