Enteroviruses (EVs) are among the most common viruses infecting humans worldwide but only a few Non-Polio Enterovirus (NPEV) isolates have been characterized in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). Moreover, circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (PVs) [cVDPVs] isolated during multiple outbreaks in DR Congo from 2004 to 2018 have been characterized so far only by the sequences of their VP1 capsid coding gene. This study was carried to i) investigate the circulation and genetic diversity of NPEV and polio vaccine isolates recovered from healthy children and Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) patients, ii) evaluate the occurrence of genetic recombination among EVs belonging to the Enterovirus C species (including PVs) and iii) identify the virological factors favoring multiple emergences of cVDPVs in DR Congo. The biological material considered in this study included i) a collection of 91 Sabin-like PVs, 54 cVDPVs and 150 NPEVs isolated from AFP patients between 2008 and 2012 in DR Congo and iii) a collection of 330 stool specimens collected from healthy children in 2013 in the Kasai Oriental and Maniema provinces of DR Congo. Studied virus isolates were sequenced in four distinct sub-genomic regions 5'-UTR, VP1, 2CATPase and 3Dpol. Resulting sequences were compared through comparative phylogenetic analyses. Virus isolation showed that 19.1% (63/330) healthy children were infected by EVs including 17.9% (59/330) of NPEVs and 1.2% (4/330) of type 3 Sabin-like PVs. Only one EV-C type, EV-C99 was identified among the NPEV collection from AFP patients whereas 27.5% of the 69 NPEV isolates typed in healthy children belonged to the EV-C species: CV-A13 (13/69), A20 (5/69) and A17 (1/69). Interestingly, 50 of the 54 cVDPVs featured recombinant genomes containing exogenous sequences in at least one of the targeted non-structural regions of their genomes: 5'UTR, 2CATPase and 3Dpol. Some of these non-vaccine sequences of the recombinant cVDPVs were strikingly related to homologous sequences from co-circulating CV-A17 and A20 in the 2CATPase region as well as to those from co-circulating CV-A13, A17 and A20 in the 3Dpol region. This study provided the first evidence uncovering CV-A20 strains as major recombination partners of PVs. High quality AFP surveillance, sensitive environmental surveillance and efficient vaccination activities remain essential to ensure timely detection and efficient response to recombinant cVDPVs outbreaks in DR Congo. Such needs are valid for any epidemiological setting where high frequency and genetic diversity of Coxsackieviruses A13, A17 and A20 provide a conducive viral ecosystem for the emergence of virulent recombinant cVDPVs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007335 | DOI Listing |
J Perinat Med
December 2024
Fetal Care and Surgery Center (FCSC), Division of Fetal Medicine and Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Monochorionic twin pregnancies are a subset of twin pregnancies that face potential complications related to a shared circulation between the fetuses. These complications are related to anastomotic placental vessels connecting the cardiovascular systems of the two fetuses, which can result in significant sequela if one twin experiences intrauterine death. The sudden cardiovascular collapse in this scenario leads to a massive blood shift away from the healthy co-twin, significantly jeopardizing its life and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
December 2024
From the Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John of God, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
Abdominoplasty is a commonly performed procedure for patients after significant weight loss and in postpregnancy women. Stable weight and completed family planning are critical for optimal outcomes, as pregnancy postabdominoplasty can increase risks for both mother and fetus and potentially compromise aesthetic results. We present the first reported case of a patient undergoing abdominoplasty while unknowingly pregnant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Psychology and Communication, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States.
Muscle tone represents a foundational property of the motor system with the potential to impact musculoskeletal pain and motor performance. Muscle tone is involuntary, dynamically adaptive, interconnected across the body, sensitive to postural demands, and distinct from voluntary control. Research has historically focused on pathological tone, peripheral regulation, and contributions from passive tissues, without consideration of the neural regulation of active tone and its consequences, particularly for neurologically healthy individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDialogues Health
December 2024
Bruyère Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted and exacerbated health inequities worldwide. While several studies have examined the impact of individual social factors on COVID infection, our objective was to examine how interactions of social factors were associated with the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first two years of the pandemic.
Study Design And Setting: We conducted an observational cohort study using linked health administrative data for Ontarians tested for SARS-CoV-2 between January 1st, 2020, and December 31st, 2021.
Heliyon
December 2024
Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by airway obstruction during sleep. Diagnosing pediatric OSA is challenging, particularly in underrepresented populations, leading to disparities in treatment and long-term negative health outcomes. Our study aimed to identify alternative diagnostic tools by investigating genome-wide epigenetic changes and associated transcriptomic alterations in Black female, pediatric patients with OSA.
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