The modeling of evolution in structured populations has been significantly advanced by evolutionary graph theory, which incorporates pairwise relationships between individuals on a network. More recently, a new framework has been developed to allow for multiplayer interactions of variable size in more flexible and potentially changing population structures. While the theory within this framework has been developed and simple structures considered, there has been no systematic consideration of a large range of different population structures, which is the subject of this paper. We consider a large range of underlying graphical structures for the territorial raider model, the most commonly used model in the new structure, and consider a variety of important properties of our structures with the aim of finding factors that determine the fixation probability of mutants. We find that the graphical temperature and the average group size, as previously defined, are strong predictors of fixation probability, while all other properties considered are poor predictors, although the clustering coefficient is a useful secondary predictor when combined with either temperature or group size. The relationship between temperature or average group size and fixation probability is sometimes, however, nonmonotonic, with a directional reverse occurring around the temperature associated with what we term "completely mixed" populations in the case of the hawk-dove game, but not the public goods game.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.99.032306 | DOI Listing |
J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev
January 2025
From the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) following injury and subsequent fixation of a distal femur fracture (DFFx) is associated with considerable morbidity. However, the incidence of VTE, associated factors, and the relative risk compared with hip fracture (HFx) fixation remains poorly characterized.
Methods: Retrospective cohort study using the PearlDiver M165 database to identify geriatric patients who underwent DFFx and HFx fixation.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg
January 2025
From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Scott, Blackburn, Prasad, Lim, Lavoie-Gagne, Melnic, and Bedair), and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA (Scott, Blackburn, Prasad, Lim, Melnic, and Bedair).
Background: Although Vancouver B2 periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) have been historically managed with revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA), open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) has been proposed as an alternative option for reasons including lower cost and surgical time. The purpose of this study was to, therefore, create a Markov model to assess the cost effectiveness of ORIF versus rTHA for Vancouver B2 periprosthetic femur fractures and evaluate various inflection points for varying costs and outcome measures.
Methods: A Markov model was built using discrete and mutually exclusive health states of the hypothetical patient with Vancouver B2 PPF.
J Bone Joint Surg Am
January 2025
Surgical Outcomes and Analysis Department, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California.
Background: Although the majority of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the United States are now treated with cephalomedullary nailing, it remains uncertain whether differences in clinical performance by nail type exist. The purpose of this study was to compare the aseptic revision rates associated with the 3 most commonly utilized cephalomedullary nails in the United States today: the Gamma nail (Stryker), the INTERTAN (Smith+Nephew), and the Trochanteric Fixation Nail/Trochanteric Fixation Nail Advanced (TFN/TFNA; DePuy Synthes).
Methods: Using an integrated health-care system's hip fracture registry, patients ≥60 years of age who were treated with 1 of these 3 commonly used cephalomedullary nail devices were identified.
Medicine (Baltimore)
November 2024
Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
The aim was to study the independent risk factors of internal fixation failure in proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nailing for intertrochanteric femur fracture, and to build a nomogram prediction model accordingly. Clinical data of patients with intertrochanteric femoral rotor fractures admitted to the First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District from January 2018 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected. The occurrence of spiral blade cut out, internal fixation breakage, peri-internal fixation fracture, hip internal rotation deformity, and fracture nonunion within 1 year after surgery were included in the internal fixation failure group, and the rest were included in the internal fixation success group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInbreeding depression poses a severe threat to small populations, leading to the fixation of deleterious mutations and decreased survival probability. While the establishment of natural gene flow between populations is an ideal long-term solution, its practical implementation is often challenging. Reinforcement of populations by translocating individuals from larger populations is a viable strategy for reducing inbreeding, increasing genetic diversity and potentially saving populations from extinction.
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