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Atavistic and vestigial anatomical structures in the head, neck, and spine: an overview.
Anat Sci Int
July 2023
Division of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention, and Stanford Initiative for Multimodality Neuro-Imaging in Translational Anatomy Research (SIMITAR), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
Organisms may retain nonfunctional anatomical features as a consequence of evolutionary natural selection. Resultant atavistic and vestigial anatomical structures have long been a source of perplexity. Atavism is when an ancestral trait reappears after loss through an evolutionary change in previous generations, whereas vestigial structures are remnants that are largely or entirely functionless relative to their original roles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCleidocervical muscle: a mini literature survey of a human muscle variation.
Folia Morphol (Warsz)
September 2023
Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, General Hospital Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany.
Cleidocervical muscles (CCM) or levator claviculae muscles in humans can be found as supernumerary unilaterally or bilaterally on the neck attached proximally to the clavicle and distally to the transverse process of cervical vertebrae at various levels. Altogether 20 case reports from year 1994 till present including 25 subjects related to CCM were found and analysed where parameters such as cervical insertion level, clavicular insertion at the middle vs. lateral third, unilateral vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClavicle lengthening, a novel operation technique to reduce pain in brachial plexus birth injury patients.
J Shoulder Elbow Surg
November 2022
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands.
Background: Brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) can lead to an imbalance of shoulder musculature that can lead to glenohumeral contractures, and joint and osseous deformities. Glenoid hypoplasia, lengthening of coracoid and acromion, protraction, lateral rotation and elevation of the scapula, and shortening of the clavicle can be observed. As a consequence, the trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid, and supraspinatus muscles are overloaded in daily activities causing pain, which can be difficult to treat conservatively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe levator claviculae muscle.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed)
December 2020
Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, España.
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