The problem of the reliable estimation of astronauts' radiation exposure doses in deep space is very important and relevant in connection with the accepted space research programmes. The effective dose value based on ICRP Publication 103 presents too conservative an estimate of an astronaut's radiation risk. A more realistic dose can be calculated on the basis of relationships between the radiation quality factor and linear energy transfer or linear energy or Z*/β , according to the NASA concept. In addition, it is reasonable to use a set of tissue weighting coefficients (normalised relative detriments) that have been averaged over a cohort of working age males similar to the male astronaut cohort. The closest to the male astronauts is the NASA cohort of males aged 30-60 years who have never smoked. The fluence-to-effective dose equivalent conversion coefficients calculated specially for male astronauts are compared. Different approaches to radiation risk estimation for astronauts are discussed.
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