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Individual-specific strategies inform category learning.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Categorization is an essential task for sensory perception. Individuals learn category labels using a variety of strategies to ensure that sensory signals, such as sounds or images, can be assigned to proper categories. Categories are often learned on the basis of extreme examples, and the boundary between categories can differ among individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanisms of increased pain discrimination by contingent reinforcement: a perceptual decision-making and instrumental learning account.
Pain
January 2025
Integrative Spinal Research Group, Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Recent evidence highlights that monetary rewards can increase the precision at which healthy human volunteers can detect small changes in the intensity of thermal noxious stimuli, contradicting the idea that rewards exert a broad inhibiting influence on pain perception. This effect was stronger with contingent rewards compared with noncontingent rewards, suggesting a successful learning process. In the present study, we implemented a model comparison approach that aimed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie thermal noxious discrimination in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCategorization is an essential task for sensory perception. Individuals learn category labels using a variety of strategies to ensure that sensory signals, such as sounds or images, can be assigned to proper categories. Categories are often learned on the basis of extreme examples, and the boundary between categories can differ among individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAuditory decision-making deficits after permanent noise-induced hearing loss.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
Loud noise exposure is one of the leading causes of permanent hearing loss. Individuals with noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) suffer from speech comprehension deficits and experience impairments to cognitive functions such as attention and decision-making. Here, we investigate the specific underlying cognitive processes during auditory perceptual decision-making that are impacted by NIHL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHummingbirds use compensatory eye movements to stabilize both rotational and translational visual motion.
Proc Biol Sci
January 2025
Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
To maintain stable vision, behaving animals make compensatory eye movements in response to image slip, a reflex known as the optokinetic response (OKR). Although OKR has been studied in several avian species, eye movements during flight are expected to be minimal. This is because vertebrates with laterally placed eyes typically show weak OKR to nasal-to-temporal motion (NT), which simulates typical forward locomotion, compared with temporal-to-nasal motion (TN), which simulates atypical backward locomotion.
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