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Assessing cardiovascular disease risk and social determinants of health: A comparative analysis of five risk estimation instruments using data from the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network.
PLoS One
January 2025
Equity Research and Innovation Center, Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
Background: Accurate assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is crucial for effective prevention and resource allocation. However, few CVD risk estimation tools consider social determinants of health (SDoH), despite their known impact on CVD risk. We aimed to estimate 10-year CVD risk in the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network Cohort Study (ECS) across multiple risk estimation instruments and assess the association between SDoH and CVD risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends and ethnic disparity in endometrial cancer mortality in South Africa (1999-2018): A population-based Age-period-cohort and Join point regression analyses.
PLoS One
January 2025
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Background: Endometrial cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer among females and about 97,000 global deaths of endometrial cancer. The changes in the trends of obesity, fertility rates and other risk factors in South Africa (SA) may impact the endometrial cancer trends. The aim of this study was to utilise the age period cohort and join point regression modelling to evaluate the national and ethnic trends in endometrial cancer mortality in South Africa over a 20year period (1999-2018).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening for people presenting with advanced HIV disease (AHD) and for those with positive CrAg without evidence of meningitis to initiate preemptive antifungal medication. Data on the implementation of WHO recommendations regarding CrAg screening is limited. We estimated pooled prevalence of CrAg screening uptake, cryptococcal antigenemia, lumbar puncture, cryptococcal meningitis and initiation of preemptive antifungal medication from available eligible published studies conducted in Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluence of Preoperative Depression on Cervical Spine Surgery Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Global Spine J
January 2025
Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Study Design: Systematic review and Meta-analysis.
Objectives: To quantify the association of preoperative depression on patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) after cervical spine surgery.
Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.
Effective Dose Estimation in Computed Tomography by Machine Learning.
Tomography
January 2025
Medical Physics Unit, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
Background: Computed tomography scans are widely used in everyday medical practice due to speed, image reliability, and detectability of a wide range of pathologies. Each scan exposes the patient to a radiation dose, and performing a fast estimation of the effective dose (E) is an important step for radiological safety. The aim of this work is to estimate E from patient and CT acquisition parameters in the absence of a dose-tracking software exploiting machine learning.
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