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Durum wheat genome highlights past domestication signatures and future improvement targets. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The text discusses how the domestication of wild emmer wheat resulted in the development of modern durum wheat, primarily used for making pasta.
  • Researchers assembled the complete genome of a specific durum cultivar called Svevo, revealing important genetic diversity and changes due to thousands of years of breeding.
  • They identified a problematic gene on chromosome 5B linked to high cadmium levels in wheat, which is more common in cultivated durum than in wild emmer, highlighting the potential for genetic improvement using the Svevo genome.

Article Abstract

The domestication of wild emmer wheat led to the selection of modern durum wheat, grown mainly for pasta production. We describe the 10.45 gigabase (Gb) assembly of the genome of durum wheat cultivar Svevo. The assembly enabled genome-wide genetic diversity analyses revealing the changes imposed by thousands of years of empirical selection and breeding. Regions exhibiting strong signatures of genetic divergence associated with domestication and breeding were widespread in the genome with several major diversity losses in the pericentromeric regions. A locus on chromosome 5B carries a gene encoding a metal transporter (TdHMA3-B1) with a non-functional variant causing high accumulation of cadmium in grain. The high-cadmium allele, widespread among durum cultivars but undetected in wild emmer accessions, increased in frequency from domesticated emmer to modern durum wheat. The rapid cloning of TdHMA3-B1 rescues a wild beneficial allele and demonstrates the practical use of the Svevo genome for wheat improvement.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0381-3DOI Listing

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