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Enhancing Animals is "Still Genetics": Perspectives of Genome Scientists and Policymakers on Animal and Human Enhancement.
AJOB Empir Bioeth
December 2024
Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Background: Nonhuman animals are regularly enhanced genomically with CRISPR and other gene editing tools as scientists aim at better models for biomedical research, more tractable agricultural animals, or animals that are otherwise well suited to a defined purpose. This study investigated how genome editors and policymakers perceived ethical or policy benefits and drawbacks for animal enhancement and how perceived benefits and drawbacks are alike, or differ from, those for human genome editing.
Methods: We identified scientists through relevant literature searches as well as conference presentations.
Variant reclassification and recontact research: A scoping review.
Genet Med Open
July 2024
Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
Purpose: A primary challenge in clinical genetics is accurate interpretation of identified variants and relaying the information to patients and providers. Inconsistencies around handling variant reclassifications and notifying patients, combined with the lack of prescriptive guidelines on re-evaluation, reanalysis, and return of variants, has created practice challenges. Although relevant empirical work has emerged, the scope and outcomes of this research have not been characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNarratives in European debate concerning new genomic techniques.
Transgenic Res
December 2024
Re-Imagine Europa, Brussels, Belgium.
Given the complexity of agricultural problems, it is essential to develop acceptable solutions for various stakeholders with diverse knowledge, viewpoints, and preferences. However, European public opinion has become highly polarized, making constructive discussions on these issues difficult. We present the results of the narrative analysis of media debate on new genomic techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe fragility of truth: Social epistemology in a time of polarization and pandemic.
Transcult Psychiatry
October 2024
Division of Social & Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
This essay introduces a thematic issue of presenting selected papers from the 2022 McGill Advanced Study Institute in Cultural Psychiatry on "The Fragility of Truth: Social Epistemology in a Time of Polarization and Pandemic." The COVID-19 pandemic, political polarization, and the climate crisis have revealed that large segments of the population do not trust the best available knowledge and expertise in making vital decisions regarding their health, the governance of society, and the fate of the planet. What guides information-seeking, trust in authority, and decision-making in each of these domains? Articles in this issue include case studies of the dynamics of misinformation and disinformation; the adaptive functions and pathologies of belief, paranoia, and conspiracy theories; and strategies to foster and maintain diverse knowledge ecologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToward building deliberative digital media: from subversion to consensus.
PNAS Nexus
October 2024
GovLab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 30 Wadsworth Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Evidence-based and human-centric design of digital media platforms could reduce many of the problems of misinformation, polarization, and misaligned incentives that plague both society and individual organizations. With these sorts of design changes, it may become possible to build deliberative digital media that are useful both for discussions of contentious issues and for achieving successful collective action. In this Perspective paper, we discuss several issues in which current-day social science indicates the origin of these problems and suggests methods for improvement.
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