Multimodal treatment for high-risk locally-advanced prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy and extended lymphadenectomy.

Background: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the safety and oncologic outcomes of multimodal treatment in high risk-locally advanced prostate cancer patients (PCa).

Methods: High-risk-locally advanced prostate cancer patients without distant metastases before radical prostatectomy (RP) were included. Adjuvant high-dose intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with concurrent docetaxel and long-term androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) were started after 3-6 months from RP. ADT was maintained for two years. Acute and late toxicity were evaluated with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (v. 3.0). Biochemical and clinical recurrence-free survival were explored by using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results: Overall 42 patients were included. Acute genitourinary toxicity was observed with Grade I, II, and III in four (9.5%), two (4.8%), and one (2.3%) patients, respectively. Acute gastrointestinal toxicity was reported to be of Grade I and II in 12 (29.3%) and three (7.2%) patients, respectively. In these patients, concomitant genito-urinary and gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in three (7.2%) cases. A residual GU Grade I toxicity was present only in one patient. Toxicity due to CHT was found in four (9.5%) patients. Complete continence after RP and IMRT was achieved in 32 patients (76.2%). After a median follow-up of 3.4 years, BCR and clinical recurrence were observed in 16.7% and 9.5% of patients, respectively. A 5-year biochemical and clinical recurrence-free survival rate were 70.7% and 84.0%, respectively. Five-year overall survival was 93.6%. None of the patients died for prostate cancer during follow-up.

Conclusions: This novel multimodal treatment paradigm for high-risk locally advanced prostate cancer has an acceptable level of toxicity and good oncological outcomes observed after a long follow-up.