Expanded 3D nanofibre sponge scaffolds by gas-foaming technique enhance peripheral nerve regeneration.

Peripheral nerve injury has troubled clinical doctors for many years. To obtain better function recovery of peripheral nerve repair at the base of hollow nerve guidance conduit (NGC), many NGCs with fillers were developed in the application of tissue-engineered nerve graft. In this study, expanded 3D nanofibre sponge scaffolds with orientation and porosity were first fabricated by electrospinning and gas-foaming technique. Polylactic acid (PLA)/silk fibroin nanofibre sponge scaffolds were prepared as filler to construct 3D nanofibre sponges containing NGC (SNGC). SNGC could promote the proliferation of Schwann cells compared with the hollow NGC in vitro. The results of animal experiments confirm that SNGC can significantly promote peripheral nerve function recovery from histology and function evaluation. In conclusion, we design a new method to construct a 3D scaffold containing NGC with orientation and porosity. The application of this 3D scaffold material has good prospects in future peripheral nerve repair.