In this paper, in order to successfully achieve a fluorescent polyoxometalate (POM) probe with high luminescence, aggregation enhanced emission of POM is achieved by a self-assembly strategy. In detail, Eu-polyoxometalate (Na[EuWO]·32HO (EuW)) and ionic-liquid-type imidazolium gemini surfactants ([C-n-Cim]Br, n = 2, 4, 6) constructed a vesicle with aggregation enhanced emission phenomenon. With the introduction of [C-n-Cim]Br, the luminescence intensity increased sharply and compared the effect of the different space length of [C-n-Cim]Br, the introduction of [C-2-Cim]Br had the best luminescence effect and the strongest luminescence of EuW/[C-2-Cim]Br was 32 times that of pure EuW. Thus, a sensitive selective off-luminescence chemical sensor EuW/[C-2-Cim]Br was developed for the label-free detection of Cr and MnO in aqueous solution with lower detection limits of 0.926 μM and 1.70 μM, respectively. Collision between the fluorophore and Cr or MnO caused dynamic quenching. Luminescence quenching of Cr was attributed to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) while luminescence quenching of MnO was attributed to UV-vis competitive absorption. Our strategy for combining polyoxometalates with surfactants to construct aggregation enhanced emission systems is expected to provide new ways to develop simple, economical, fast and sensitive sensors in environmental applications such as metal ion detection.
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