The olfactory epithelium (OE) is an accessible source of neural stem cells and progenitor cells. The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of various biopsy sites to isolate and propagate neural progenitor cells from the olfactory epithelium (OE). The authors assessed OE cell count in OE in different sites of the nasal cavity and showed the possibility of isolation neurospheres from nasal biopsies. In total, 45 inpatinets were included in the study. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 30 patients undergoing septoplasty and/or turbinate surgery. Three areas of OE were biopsied: lower third section of the nasal septum (A), anterior part of the middle turbinate (B), upper third of the nasal septum (C). Immunocytochemistry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting showed that OE cells were NCAM-positive. Mean percentage of NCAM+ cells was 7.8% for A, 42.7% for B and 18.2% for C. The difference was significant between A and B (p=0.0001) and B and C (p=0.01). Therefore, the anterior part of the middle turbinate was an easily accessible and safe site to obtain neural cells. To confirm this, neurospheres were obtained in 15 patients with schizophrenia who underwent in-office endoscopy.
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