In superfluid ^{3}He-B confined in a slab geometry, domain walls between regions of different order parameter orientation are predicted to be energetically stable. Formation of the spatially modulated superfluid stripe phase has been proposed. We confined ^{3}He in a 1.1 μm high microfluidic cavity and cooled it into the B phase at low pressure, where the stripe phase is predicted. We measured the surface-induced order parameter distortion with NMR, sensitive to the formation of domains. The results rule out the stripe phase, but are consistent with 2D modulated superfluid order.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.085301 | DOI Listing |
Nature
November 2024
Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria.
Supersolids are states of matter that spontaneously break two continuous symmetries: translational invariance owing to the appearance of a crystal structure and phase invariance owing to phase locking of single-particle wavefunctions, responsible for superfluid phenomena. Although originally predicted to be present in solid helium, ultracold quantum gases provided a first platform to observe supersolids, with particular success coming from dipolar atoms. Phase locking in dipolar supersolids has been investigated through, for example, measurements of the phase coherence and gapless Goldstone modes, but quantized vortices, a hydrodynamic fingerprint of superfluidity, have not yet been observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
October 2024
Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Nature
May 2024
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
A new class of superfluids and superconductors with spatially periodic modulation of the superfluid density is arising. It might be related to the supersolid phase of matter, in which the spontaneous breaking of gauge and translational symmetries leads to a spatially modulated macroscopic wavefunction. This relation was recognized only in some cases and there is the need for a universal property quantifying the differences between supersolids and ordinary matter, such as the superfluid fraction, which measures the reduction in superfluid stiffness resulting from the spatial modulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
May 2024
Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
Phys Rev Lett
April 2024
Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
We propose a protocol to excite the Goldstone modes of a supersolid dipolar Bose-Einstein condensed gas confined in a ring geometry. By abruptly removing an applied periodic modulation proportional to cos(φ), where φ is the azimuthal angle, we explore the resulting oscillations of the gas by solving the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The value of the two longitudinal sound velocities exhibited in the supersolid phase are analyzed using the hydrodynamic theory of supersolids at zero temperature, which explicitly takes into account both the superfluid and the crystal nature of the system.
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