Objective: Urinary steroid metabolomics by GC-MS is an established method in both clinical and research settings to describe steroidogenic disorders. However, population-based reference intervals for adults do not exist.
Methods: We measured daytime and night time urinary excretion of 40 steroid metabolites by GC-MS in 1128 adult participants of European ancestry, aged 18 to 90 years, within a large population-based, multicentric, cross-sectional study. Age and sex-related patterns in adjacent daytime and night time urine collections over 24 hours were modelled for each steroid metabolite by multivariable linear mixed regression. We compared our results with those obtained through a systematic literature review on reference intervals of urinary steroid excretion.
Results: Flexible models were created for all urinary steroid metabolites thereby estimating sex- and age-related changes of the urinary steroid metabolome. Most urinary steroid metabolites showed an age-dependence with the exception of 6β-OH-cortisol, 18-OH-cortisol, and β-cortol. Reference intervals for all metabolites excreted during 24 hours were derived from the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of modelled reference curves. The excretion rate per period of metabolites predominantly derived from the adrenals was mainly higher during the day than at night and the correlation between day and night time metabolite excretion was highly positive for most androgens and moderately positive for glucocorticoids.
Conclusions: This study gives unprecedented new insights into sex- and age-specificity of the human adult steroid metabolome and provides further information on the day/night variation of urinary steroid hormone excretion. The population-based reference ranges for 40 GC-MS-measured metabolites will facilitate the interpretation of steroid profiles in clinical practice.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6440635 | PMC |
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Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No.1 Maoyuan South Rd, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan Province, China.
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December 2024
State Institution «National Research Center of Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine.
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World J Nephrol
December 2024
Department of Histopathology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi 74200, Sindh, Pakistan.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Nephrol
December 2024
Department of Histopathology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi 74200, Sindh, Pakistan.
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Drug Test Anal
December 2024
Catalonian Antidoping Laboratory, Doping Control Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
The detection of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids misuse in Asian population using the Steroidal Module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is a challenge due to the high prevalence of UGT2B17 gene deletion polymorphism with low levels of testosterone (T) glucuronide. In this study, the capabilities of different approaches based on urine analysis for the detection of oral T undecanoate administration were evaluated in 13 Asian volunteers, including 11 subjects with del/del genotype and 2 subjects with del/ins genotype. In the first part of the work, the effect on the urinary steroid profile (SP) and on the isotope ratio mass spectrometry markers was evaluated.
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