It is established that iNKT cells are a cell type that require strong TCR signal for their proper development and represent a model for thymic agonist selection. The nature of the signal perceived by iNKT cells promoting their specification is not well understood. To address this question, we analyzed iNKT cell development in relevant TCR Vα14-Jα18 alpha chain transgenic mice (Vα14Tg). In CD4-Vα14Tg mice, where the transgene is driven by CD4 promoter, we identified a block in iNKT cell development at early developmental stages due to a reduced expression of key transcription factors accompanied with a reduced TCR expression levels. This indicates that TCR signal strength control iNKT cell differentiation. Importantly, we found in WT mice that early precursors of iNKT cells express higher TCR levels compared to positively selected precursors of mainstream T cells showing that TCR levels could contribute to the strength of iNKT cell TCR signaling. Overall, our study highlights TCR signal strength associated with a higher TCR density as an important regulator of iNKT cell lineage specification.
Background: Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a common cause of clinically refractory infertility, and there exists significant heterogeneity in the treatment outcomes among IUA patients with the similar severity after transcervical resection of adhesion(TCRA). The underlying mechanism of different treatment outcomes occur remains elusive, and the precise contribution of various cell subtypes in this process remains uncertain.
Results: Here, we performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing on 10 human endometrial samples to establish a single-cell atlas differences between patients who responded to estrogen therapy and those who did not.
Intraepithelial type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ieILC1s) are tissue-resident lymphocytes in the microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we evaluate how these cells influence T-cell trafficking to tumors. We generated cytotoxic ieILC1-like cells from natural killer (NK) cells in vitro.
Sepsis, a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units worldwide, lacks effective treatments for advanced-stage sepsis. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of this disease is crucial. This study reveals that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have an opposing role in the progression of sepsis by suppressing regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and function.
Natural killer (NK) cell activity is influenced by cytokines and microenvironment factors, resulting in remarkably diverse functions, by contributing to inflammatory responses or serving as rheostats of adaptive immunity. Using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identified a CD56NK cell population associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients protected from acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We further define a role for the combination of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in promoting a regulatory phenotype in NK cells.
Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital and National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address:
Citrullination, a post-translational modification that changes arginine to citrulline in proteins, is vital for immune response modulation and cell signaling. Catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs), citrullination is linked to various diseases, particularly autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Citrullinated proteins can trigger the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), included in RA classification criteria.
