This article shows how milling can be used to explore the phase diagram of pharmaceuticals. This process has been applied to sulindac. A short milling has been found to trigger a polymorphic transformation between form II and form I upon heating which is not seen in the nonmilled material. This possibility was clearly demonstrated to result from crystalline microstrains induced by the mechanical shocks. A long milling has been found to induce a total amorphization of the material. Moreover, the amorphous fraction produced during milling appears to have a complex recrystallization upon heating which depends on the milling time. The investigations have been mainly performed by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2019.03.017 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Sustainability and Environmental Education, Goshen College, Goshen, IN, United States of America.
Human exposure to mycotoxins is common and often severe in underregulated maize-based food systems. This study explored how monitoring of these systems could help to identify when and where outbreaks occur and inform potential mitigation efforts. Within a maize smallholder system in Kongwa District, Tanzania, we performed two food surveys of mycotoxin contamination at local grain mills, documenting high levels of aflatoxins and fumonisins in maize destined for human consumption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcology
January 2025
Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Humans may play a key role in providing small prey mammals spatial and temporal refuge from predators, but few studies have captured the heterogeneity of these effects across space and time. Global COVID-19 lockdown restrictions offered a unique opportunity to investigate how a sudden change in human presence in a semi-urban park impacted wildlife. Here, we quantify how changes in the spatial distributions of humans and natural predators influenced the landscape of fear for the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) in a COVID-19 pandemic (2020) and non-COVID (2019) year.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
The dielectric properties of polymers play a pivotal role in the development of advanced materials for energy storage, electronics, and insulation. This review comprehensively explores the critical relationship between polymer chain conformation, nanostructure, and dielectric properties, focusing on parameters such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and dielectric breakdown strength. It highlights how factors like chain rigidity, free volume, molecular alignment, and interfacial effects significantly influence dielectric performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr Dent J
January 2025
Professor, Primary Care Dentistry, Peninsula Dental School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK.
Introduction The challenges of recruitment and retention of dentists within the NHS are a major contributory factor in delivering dental access. Availability and geographical location of dental foundation training (DFT) placements is considered to be an important element in recruiting new dental graduates to poorly served areas. A recent decline in the number of dentists applying to act as educational supervisors (ESs) for DFT has been observed, which could have a direct impact on the future sustainability of NHS services.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Higher-end science and technology facilitate the human community with a sophisticated life despite it curses by abundant pollution. The alarming demand for sustainability pressurizes the manufacturing sector to ensure sustainable manufacturing. Since Molybdenum di sulfide (MoS) and avocado oil are known solid and liquid lubricants respectively, hence, it is a worthwhile attempt to implement the bio-based degradable avocado oil enriched with nano Molybdenum di sulfide (nMoS) particles as a potential machining fluid for CNC-end milling.
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