The nuclear-factor kappa-beta (NF-KB) is a driver of inflammation, and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Early-onset CAD is defined as a coronary ischaemic episode at an age ≤55 years, and in our population was strongly associated with male sex and smoking. Our aim was to determine whether common variants in three NF-KB genes were associated with early-onset CAD. We studied 609 patients with early-onset CAD and 423 healthy controls, all male. Allele and genotype frequencies for the NFKB1 rs28362491 (-94 delATTG) and NFKBIA rs8904 were not significantly different between the two groups. For the NFKBIZ rs3217713, the deletion allele was significantly more frequent in the patients than in controls (0.27 vs. 0.22; p = 0.004). Deletion-carriers were more frequent in the patients (p < 0.001), with an OR = 1.48 (95%CI = 1.15-1.90). We performed a multiple logistic regression (linear generalized model) with smoking, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and the rs3217713 deletion carriers remained significantly associated with early-onset CAD (p = 0.01). In our population, the NFKBIZ variant was an independent risk factor for developing early-onset CAD.
Aims: Despite the tremendous improvement in therapeutic medication and intervention for coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD), residual risks remain. Exome sequencing enables identification of rare variants and susceptibility genes for residual risks of early-onset coronary atherosclerotic disease (EOCAD) with well-controlled conventional risk factors.
Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing of subjects who had no conventional risk factors, defined as higher body mass index, smoking, hypertension and dyslipidemia, screened from 1950 patients with EOCAD (age ≤ 45 years, at least 50% stenosis of coronary artery by angiography), and selected control subjects from 1006 elder (age ≥ 65 years) with < 30% coronary stenosis.
Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for early onset of coronary artery disease (CAD) and assess the preoperative presentation, perioperative course, survival, and short-term complications after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in patients aged 45 years or younger undergoing CABG.
Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from December 2020 to January 2021.
* Out of 167 patients with early-onset CAD, 22 were diagnosed with FH; those in the FH group showed distinct lipid level variations compared to the non-FH group, particularly lower triglycerides but higher total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.
* The findings suggest that FH is common in this population and that specific lipid levels (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and Apo B) are crucial for diagnosing CAD in patients with FH.
The study investigates early-onset coronary artery disease (CAD) in individuals aged 45 or younger, focusing on factors affecting their health, symptoms, and treatment following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Conducted over six months with 100 STEMI patients, it found a mean age of 42.5 years, with most patients being male, and identified key risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and hypertension.
The majority of cases involved chest discomfort, with the left anterior descending artery being most affected; treatment included various types of PCI and CABG, yet there were no recorded fatalities during the study.
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is defined as the alopecia induced by androgens in genetically predisposed individuals. AGA results in progressive miniaturization of the hair follicles leading to vellus transformation of terminal hair. The high prevalence and wide range of expressed phenotypes in AGA is a result of a polygenic inheritance mode.
