This study aimed to examine the exercise-induced heart rate response (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in subjects caused by inhaling smoke from tobacco cigarettes (TC) and aerosolized vapor from electronic nicotine dispensing systems (ENDS) (commonly referred to as e-cigarettes (EC)). A randomized crossover study recruited 24 young adult male smokers with an average age of 23 years and with a smoking habit of at least two years. Heart rate response was recorded after a maximal multistage shuttle 20 m run test (MMST) under three different levels of nicotine: Control 0 mg nicotine of EC (C), 3 mg nicotine of EC (3EC), and 3 mg nicotine of TC (3TC). HRV was evaluated based on the beat-to-beat time interval during the running test. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the run time to exhaustion under the three conditions (C: 398 ± 151 s; 3EC: 399 ± 160 s; 3TC: 381 ± 150 s). Exercise-induced HRR was significantly attenuated under the TC condition ( < 0.05). Intriguingly, the HRV standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) during exercise significantly increased under 3EC and 3TC. The results showed that a significant acute autonomic cardiac modulation during exercise is induced by an acute episode of EC and TC smoking.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061032 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Akure, Nigeria.
Background: The effect of high consumption of psychoactive substances of codeine (CDE), tramadol (TMD), and Cannabis sativa (CNB) as concoction has been associated with altered brain cognitive and neurochemical functions. However, the understanding of the complex mechanism behind the intake of Cannabis sativa co-administration with tramadol and codeine on both cardiac and brain function, neurotransmitters, purinergic, and antioxidant enzymes activities in the brain and heart of rats remains unreported.
Method: The measure of cognition using morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests, hemodynamic parameters namely systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyl-cholinesterase (BCHE), adenosine deaminase (ADA), arginase, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes' activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels, in the brain and heart of CNB, TMD, and CDE exposed rats was done.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA.
Background: Aerobic exercise may positively affect brain health, although relationships with cognitive change are mixed. This likely is due to individual differences in the systemic physiological response to exercise. However, the acute effects of exercise on brain metabolism and biomarker responses are not well characterized in older adults or cognitively impaired individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Background: Responses to individualized music in people living with dementia can be indicated by both verbal and non-verbal cues. Evidence suggests that elevated pupil dilation responses to familiar vs. unfamiliar music are preserved in people living with typical Alzheimer's disease (tAD), and to an extent in people with its atypical 'visual' variant (Posterior Cortical Atrophy; PCA) (Brotherhood et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
Background: Changes in sleep patterns are common in Alzheimer's disease and impact the quality of life of both people living with Alzheimer's (PLWA) and their caregivers. Longitudinal recordings and assessment of night-to-night variations in sleep and physiology can improve our understanding of how sleep influences clinical outcomes and caregiver wellbeing.
Method: We collected sleep diary and contactless sleep technology data (Withings sleep analyser, WSA) in community dwelling PLWA (N = 16, Age = 72.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College Of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Background: Sleep patterns and disruptions may associate with increased dementia risk and contribute to its progression and cognitive decline. Understanding the complexity of the sleep-dementia relationship is crucial for developing interventions that may delay cognitive decline and enhance the well-being of individuals with dementia. This study seeks to explore how the sleeping patterns of patients with dementia impact them and aims to provide insights to help improve the sleep patterns of individuals affected by dementia.
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