Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is most commonly associated with preceding trauma. Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea has rarely been documented. Clinical, biochemical, and radiological examination are necessary to establish its diagnosis. Detection of beta-2 transferrin in watery nasal discharge is diagnostic for the presence of CSF. Computed tomography (CT) cisternography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cisternogram are confirmatory radiologic modalities for localization of the leakage site.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6420334 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3883 | DOI Listing |
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