A highly sensitive and selective optical membrane for determination of Au was synthesized by immobilization of a rhodamine derivative on agarose hydrogel. The sensing dye was synthesized by solvatochromism of rhodamine B via rhodamine lactone-zwitterion equilibrium. UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were employed to confirm that the rhodamine-lactone () was incorporated into the agarose hydrogel. The results showed that the sensor was highly selective for recognizing Au over other metal ions in real systems. In addition, DFT calculation results suggested that the membrane sensor formed stable complexes with Au through a large number of cation-dipole and ion-ion interactions. In addition, according to changes in signaling upon adding various Au concentration, the limit of detection of Arg-RhoL for Au is calculated to be 5 µM. This approach may provide an easily measurable and inherently sensitive method for Au ion detection in environmental and biological applications.
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