During recent years cloning of the genes encoding the immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell (TCR) antigen receptor has made it possible to analyze clonal expansions of B- or T-cells at the molecular level. We here describe the usefulness of the Ig- and TCR-gene rearrangements in selected cases of malignant lymphoma. In contrast to all other cases investigated, one non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) exhibited the infrequent phenomenon of oligoclonality, i.e. three distinct B-cell clones were discerned by Southern blot analysis. Detection of clonal TCR- and Ig-gene rearrangements unequivocally documented bone marrow involvement in four of eight NHL-patients, where conventional histologic and cytologic examination remained inconclusive. As expected, analysis of bone marrow DNA revealed clonal Ig-gene rearrangements in three cases with clear histologic evidence of bone marrow infiltrations by the NHL. In one case of a patient with acute mixed lymphoid-myeloid lineage leukemia a previously identified clonal Ig-gene rearrangement vanished after successful chemotherapy. Analysis of Ig- and TCR-gene rearrangements promises to be a very useful diagnostic tool in selected cases of lymphoid neoplasia.
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